Das Nibelungenlied Epic German Classic

From Superman to James Bond, humans have always been fascinated and enchanted by stories. Modern heroes may fight with guns or superpowers, but in medieval German times, the biggest hero of any legend was a guy with a sword and a cloak. The German term for an ancient legend is Sage, accounting for the fact that these stories were passed on in spoken form ( gesagt  means said). One of the greatest German Sagen  was the Nibelungenlied  (song of the Nibelungs). This epic is a story of heroes, lovers and dragon slayers that can be traced back to the times of Attila the Hun. It was first conceived as songs telling the stories of different heroes and brought together to form a large canon now known as Nibelungenlied  around 1200. As such, the author is never named and it is one of the worlds greatest anonymous epics. Love and Betrayal, Heroes and Villains The story of the Nibelungs revolves around young hero Siegfried, a nobleman full of testosterone and courage. Siegfrieds adventures lead him to defeat the Alberich, a powerful Zwerg  (gnome). Siegfried steals his Tarnkappe  (invisibility cloak) and gains access to the Nibelungenhort, a treasure like no other. In another adventure, Siegfried slays a powerful dragon and becomes unverwundbar  (invincible) after a bath in dragons blood. He wants to win the heart of beautiful Kriemhild, so he uses his Tarnkappe  to help her brother Gunther in a fight with the powerful Brà ¼nhild, Queen of Iceland. As with all good stories, his invincibility would serve him for the rest of his life...had it not been for one little thing. Siegfrieds weak spot is located between his shoulders, where a leaf fell during the bath in dragons blood. He trusts no one with this information except his beloved wife. Years after the weddings of Siegfried and Kriemhild and Gunther and Brà ¼nhild, the two queens fall into a quarrel with each other, leading Kriemhild to reveal the secrets of Tarnkappe, invincibility and Brà ¼nhilds stolen honor. From here on out, theres no holding back. Brà ¼nhild tells her sorrows to the noble Hagen von Tronje, who swears to take revenge. He lures Siegfried into a trap and stabs him with a spear right between the shoulders. Siegfried is defeated, and his treasure disappears into the Rhine. The story leads to a tragic ending, fuelled by Kriemhilds wrath and pain. Locating the Treasure Of course, your most important question might be: where is that Nibelung treasure now? Well, youre in with a chance if you want to lead an expedition: the legendary Nibelungenhort  was never found. What we do know is that the gold was sunk in the Rhine by Hagen, but the exact location is still unknown. These days, the most likely geographic area is protected by the Worms golf club whose green courses are located above it. Impact on German Art and Cinema The myth of Rhine, dragons, and betrayal has inspired many artists through the ages. The most famous musical adaptation of the Nibelungenlied  is Richard Wagners famous opera cycle Ring of the Nibelungs. Fritz Lang (of Metropolis fame) adapted the myth for cinema in two silent movies in 1924. It was no mean feat to produce such a film before CGI, with a team of 17 people operating the enormous dragon puppet. Experience Nibelungen Today If youre interested in experiencing the Nibelungen story for yourself today, the place to go is Worms. Every year, its Nibelungenfestspiele attract over 200,000 visitors and bring the legends, passions, and heroes of the Rhine to life during summer. In fact, the city is your best Nibelung destination at any time of the year, where you can visit the Siegfried fountain, the Hagen memorial or the many depictions of dragons all around town. For a simplified retelling of the story in German, try the young readers guide at Was ist Was.

The Birthplace Of A Nation Essay - 1269 Words

The Birthplace of a Nation A place saturated with history, a symbol of the rich heritage of Texas, the birthplace of a nation—this is â€Å"Independence Hall.† Independence Hall is a little wood building located at the Washington on the Brazos Historic Site in Texas. Although one might not think this little building is important, it is symbolic of an incredible history and the heritage of Texans today. There are many things that make this place important, but this paper will discuss three of them: the history of Independence Hall, what it is today, and the significance and symbolism of this special place. It was late fall in the year 1835 when unrest began brewing in the hearts of many Texans in what was then a part of Mexico. They felt that Mexico had not kept their word regarding the individual rights of her citizens. With the Alamo being under attack by the Mexican army, and Santa Anna on a rampage, 59 brave delegates from all across the land—men such as Sam Houston, David Burnet, Edward Conrad, and George Childress—scheduled a meeting in the city of Washington at a newly built mercantile. Not many of these men were native Texans; in fact, only two of them were (Nance, 2010, (â€Å"Republic of Texas† paragraph 2))! There were men in this group of delegates who were from Ireland, some were from England, and some were from Mexico among other countries. The meeting was scheduled for March 1, 1836. â€Å"It was a very cold day†¦it was thirty-three degrees and the wind was blowing. ItShow MoreRelatedThe Birthplace Of A Nation1180 Words   |  5 PagesThe Birt hplace of a Nation Walking along an old dirt road that was once, in days gone by, a trade route used by Native Americans, my attention is drawn to a simple, little building in the middle of a peaceful field. I can hear the sweet mockingbird’s song, insects buzzing, the odd acorn falling from a tree and hitting the ground with a soft thud, and a gentle rustling of the leaves as the breeze blows through the magnolia trees. To imagine what took place here nearly two hundred years ago is trulyRead MoreNational Identity Is Not Only About Citizenship910 Words   |  4 Pagesaccording to many points. According to McCrone and Bechhofer (2010), national identity is not only about citizenship but also about parentage, birthplace, race and accents to speak the language. For example, the survey practiced for people in England and Scotland about the national identities, respondents placed great importance on the accent, parentage and birthplace to tolerate others as the same subjects. It also demonstrated d ifferent people especially in terms of national identities level, educationalRead MoreAfric The Cradle Of Mankind1571 Words   |  7 PagesEver since the oldest human remains were discovered in Africa, the ‘Cradle of Mankind’, it was establish that Africa was the birthplace of human species. Despite the source of human existence Africa has been plagued with conflicts and problems that was often rooted in European colonization. Due to the sheer mass of Africa many of its countries are categorized as underdeveloped, insubstantial governance, and poor human progression which negatively affects continental growth and poverty reduction.Read MoreSaudi Arabia And The Arab Arabia1279 Words   |  6 Pages Located along the Persian Gulf and Red Sea, is a country by the name of Saudi Arabia, the Middle East’s largest country. Saudi Arabia is officially known as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Given the title â€Å"the birthplace of Islam†, makes Saudi Arabia highly respected in the Middle East and in many other Muslim countries and communities. Composed of over twenty-seven million citizens, Saudi Arabia ranks as the 13th largest country in the world. Business in Saudi Arabia is different than businessRead MoreT.S. Eliot, Langston Hughes and Modern Poetry852 Words   |  4 Pages(â€Å"The Negro Speaks Of Rivers†) of the poem would hint off the speaker’s racial identity, as the word Negro represents the African-American race not only in a universal manner, but in it’s own individual sphere. T.S. Eliot’s essay, mentions that â€Å"every nation, every race, has not its own creative, but its own critical turn of mind†(549). In another s ense, different societies have their own characteristics, however, with a racial mixture, shadowed elements can be formed. If one were to analyze in betweenRead MoreThe World War I And The Treaty Of Versailles862 Words   |  4 Pagesbecause it was the birthplace of Confucius who is like the Jesus Christ or Mohammed in Christianity or Islam. The Treaty of Versailles would not give China what it wanted and it also created a bad taste in the mouth of Germany. At the peace talks, the Chinese had one big request. They wanted their Shandong province returned to them. The province was one of the most important in China. The Shandong province is the most important religious region to the Chinese. It was the birthplace to ConfuciusRead MoreDescriptive Essay : My Hometown872 Words   |  4 Pageseast railway station of the beijing-shanghai high-speed railway. We will go to the expressway of jingtai expressway, and we will travel 15 kilometers to Sishui, south of the south of the south. As the birth of the world s birthplace Academy Confucius s, It is the Chinese nation. For the spread of Confucianism, Shengyuan college promotes Chinese culture and promotes cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries, and will play a unique role, become the world yearning and wisdom where collegeRead MoreCharlemagne : The King Of The Frankish1515 Words   |  7 Pageslikely, except that it contradicts Einhard and a few other sources in making Charlemagne seventy years old at his death [11]. So it can be gathered from sources that Charlemagne was born in the 740’s, but his birthplace is also a topic of much conjecture. It has been suggested that his birthplace was Aachen or liege as these are the areas that the Merovingian and Carolingian dynasties originated from but even Charlemagne’s biographer Einhard did not know for certain and tells us that nothing was writtenRead MoreSaudi Arabia And The Islamic World1648 Words   |  7 Pagesworld takes us back 15 000 to 20000 years. Tribes of hunters and gatherers survived on this land, abolishing hunger through wild animals and plants. Over the centuries, the peninsula has played the role in history as an ancient trade center and the birthplace of Islam, one of the most monotheistic religions that exist in the world, even today! Saudi Arabia is not only the homeland of Arabs, but also the homeland of Islam. The Prophet Muhammad PBUH founded Islam in the two holiest places in the IslamicRead MoreThe King Of The Frankish1509 Words   |  7 Pageslikely, except that it contradicts Einhard and a few other sources in making Charlemagne seventy years old at his death [11]. So it can be gathered from sources that Charlemagne was born in the 740’s, but his birthplace is also a topic of much conjecture. It has been suggested that his birthplace was Aachen or liege as these are the areas that the Merovingian and Carolingian dynasties originated from but even Charlemagne’s biographer Ei nhard did not know for certain and tells us that nothing was written

Anorexia Nervosa And Binge Eating Disorder - 1045 Words

There are varieties of eating disorders. The main ones are Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, and Binge Eating Disorder. In one sample, the prevalence was as high as 80 % for patients diagnosed with restrictive anorexia nervosa, 43 % in anorexia nervosa binge-eating/purging subtype, 39. % in bulimia nervosa, and 32 % in eating disorders not otherwise specified (EDNOS). I am currently acquainted with a friend who has been diagnosed with, and is currently in treatment for, Anorexia Nervosa, also known as Anorexia. Anorexia is the most dangerous eating disorder because it can be unseen, it is very unhealthy, and the effect it has on the victim’s life is devastating. The first reason I think Anorexia is the worst eating disorder is because it can be unseen. The victim of Anorexia Nervosa mainly wants to stay confided in themselves with their thoughts and how they feel. They stay secluded with their thoughts because they don’t want anyone to think that they arenâ€℠¢t the â€Å"perfect† person that everyone may think they are. They will strive to be perfect in every way possible, and will even push themselves to death if that is what it takes. They usually tend to keep all of their feelings to themselves also. If they feel sad, depressed, or even angry, then they will show that they are feeling happy, when in all actuality, they are not. Along with the emotions and feelings that they hide within themselves, they also have a constant battle going on in their head. This battleShow MoreRelatedAnorexia Nervosa And Binge Eating Disorder965 Words   |  4 PagesAnorexia Nervosa There are varieties of eating disorders. The main ones are Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, and Binge Eating Disorder. I am currently acquainted with a friend who has been diagnosed with, and is currently in treatment for, Anorexia Nervosa, also known as Anorexia. Anorexia is the most dangerous eating disorder because it can be unseen, it is very unhealthy, and the effect it has on the victim’s life is devastating. The first reason I think Anorexia is the worst eating disorderRead MoreAnorexia Nervosa And Binge Eating Disorder1626 Words   |  7 Pagesbreakfast daily? Teenagers and even adults all over the world are suffering with various eating disorders very commonly due to the thin models they see on billboards, magazine covers, social media, and everywhere else they go. The common eating disorders include anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder the earliest case of an eating disorder can be traced to prehistoric times, and these disorders can have extremely negative effects on one’s health. Therefore the fashion industry shouldRead MoreEating Disorders : Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia, And Binge Eating1453 Words   |  6 PagesIn the United States of America 20 million women, and 10 million men suffer from a clinically significant eating disorder at some time in their life. There are three types of eating disorders, Anorexia nervosa, bulimia, and binge eating. Eatin g disorders can be life-threatening conditions that can affect a person’s physical health, and emotional. Something that serious has people wondering what exactly is causing these people to risk their health on it? One possibility would be social influencesRead More The Prevalence Of Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, And Binge Eating Disorder1723 Words   |  7 PagesPrevalence Of Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, And Binge Eating Disorder How prevalent is anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and other eating disorders? Without the knowledge of research, one is likely to think eating disorders are quite prevalent in society today. However, research proves that eating disorders, in general, are not as prevalent as one might think without any knowledge of the subject. Prevalence of an eating disorder refers to the number of cases of an eating disorder within aRead MoreEffects Of Anorexia Nervosa And Binge Eating Disorder ( Deans )1808 Words   |  8 Pagespraises eating disorders. The most common eating disorders today are bulimia nervosa, anorexia nervosa, and binge eating disorder (Deans). Although these terrible diseases are just recently being researched and cured, there have been cases documented all the way back to the eightieth century (Deans). The most research is done in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia (Perloff). Bulimia nervosa is associated with dieting, or not losing weight quickly enough, anorexia nervosa is categorizedRead MoreBulimia Nervosa and Anorexia Nervosa Essay997 Words   |  4 PagesEating disorders are extremely harmful and rising in prevalence. . The two most common eating disorders are Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa. In this essay, I will compare and contrast these two disorders. This essay will also assess the symptoms, causes, health affects and the most prevalent characteristics of people diagnosed with these two eating disorders. â€Å"Anorexia Nervosa is characterized by self-starvation to avoid obesity. People with this disorder believe they are overweight, evenRead MoreThe Three Main Types Of Eating Disorders1305 Words   |  6 PagesEating Disorders The three main types of eating disorders: anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating, are complex pschyatriac disorders. The classification and diagnosis of each disorder is challenging because diagnostic symptoms and behaviours overlap. These disorders consist of various biological, psychological and sociological factors. They frequently coexist with other illnesses such as depression, substance abuse, or anxiety disorders. (ANAD) Eating disorders are commonly associatedRead MoreEating Disorders And Anorexia Nervosa782 Words   |  4 PagesBinge Eating Disorder is a recent addition to the DSM-5. This disorder is characterized by regular episodes of binge eating. An individual experiencing this disorder will usually not Binge use compensatory behaviors, such as self-induced vomiting or over-exercising after they binge eat. Many people with Binge Eating Disorder are overweight or obese. (Butcher, Hooley, J. M., Mineka, 2013). Anorexia Nervosa Anorexia nervosa is a mental illness that is characterized by an unrealistic fear of weightRead MoreEating Disorders : Deterioration Of The Mind1117 Words   |  5 PagesEating Disorders: Deterioration of the Mind By: Genevieve Narkiewicz Advance Placement Psychology Mr.Cuetara May 4th, 2015 Abstract Eating disorders are in no way, to be considered â€Å"no big deal†. It affects the lives of many poor unsuspecting human beings and in some cases, fatally takes lives. This topic presents many things that most people don’t know. Such as the fact that bulimia nervosa has similar symptoms to using the drug heroin! Rotten teeth, pale and dry skin, and even failingRead MoreHow Eating Disorders Affect Health772 Words   |  3 PagesEating Disorders are conditions in which involves irregular eating habits, either insufficient or excessive food, that affects inimical the body’s image and mental health (Wikipedia). It affects men and women of all ages, but it has a greater impact among adolescences and young adults. In the United States, 24 million Americans are battling eating disorders, in which 1 million are males and 23 million are females. An individual who portraits this condition may have an irrational self-image thought

Project Management Information Systems And Human Resource

Question: Discuss about the Project Management Information Systems And Human Resource Management. Answer: Project human resources management (HRM) methods, techniques tools Hierarchical types of charts (work breakdown structures, organization breakdown structure, traditional organization structure) Matrix based charts (responsibility assignment matrix, RACI (responsible, accountable, consult, inform, Resource breakdown structure (RBS). Text oriented formats (job descriptions responsibilities Networking (formal informal interactions, meetings) Organization theory (work culture, organization behaviour cultures) Source: ((Gido, J Clements, J, 2014)) HRM methods, tools or techniques and their uses HRM method, tool or technique Managing a project Managing a complaint Responsibility assignment matrix (RAM) As for managing roles RAM is useful in designing responsibilities, roles and level of specific activities (one person is associated with one activity(Bourne, 2015). It is useful in managing complaint in that one person is accountable to an activity and is directly answerable or can advise otherwise. Meetings They can be formal or informal meetings used to plan roles, review progress and performance. Formal meetings done by a selected complaint handling committees for listening and solving complaints. Organization theory The method is useful in providing information on project team members behaviour in order to allocate roles, create work structures, and choose suitable leadership styles. It is the understanding of project team member behaviour in order to devise better ways to address or approach the complaint. Performance measurements processes Part A: Absolute standards, adjective rating scale, and management by objectives (MBO) Absolute standards-it is a useful process in assessing employees individual performance against established standards. Adjective rating scales- The process lists employees traits and a range of performance for each (appraising each trait separately). MBO- A processes that mutually setting objective with employee and evaluation is based on the attainment of the specific objectives(Gido, J Clements, J, 2014). Part B: Absolute standards, adjective rating scale, and management by objectives (MBO) Absolute standards-Performance of employee can be improved if mutual standards are set that are achievable to employees. Adjective rating scales- The process is useful in recognizing employee weakest trait and advising them on ways to improve them Management by objectives- it is useful in helping the employee in setting realistic and achievable targets. The employee can improve specific performance by setting higher targets to be achieved. Alternative communication methods and media and applications. It is a suitable approach and plan for project communications to various stakeholders by creating appropriate means of communications informations. The communication methods can be meetings, mails, memos, and telephoning. It can be used in project by identifying suitable methods, and timings for communicating project information (performance, progress) to specific stakeholders(Team, B., Schori, A., MacLean, M., Shipe, J., Wickenkamp, A., Wehr, A., 2014). Project management information systems (PMIS) Construction The appropriate applications for this category include: Oracle primavera P6, Oracle primavera contract manager, meridian proliance, Aconex, Autodesk contract ware Energy/Oil Gas The appropriate applications for this category include: Microsoft project server, Microsoft portfolio server, oracle primavera P6. Information systems The appropriate applications for this category include: Microsoft server, Microsoft share point server, huddle, on time scrum, tech excel dev. suite Manufacturing Retail The appropriate applications for this category include: Microsoft project server, huddle, oracle primavera contract manager, oracle primavera P6. Information systems and communication processes evaluation methods There are several methods that can be used they include: impact logs, most significant change approach, surveys, and key informant interviews. The impact log can be used to identify the long term effect caused by the system. The most significant change approach is useful in establish any changes originating from a system. Surveys are used to establish from respondents the appropriateness of information systems and communication systems. Key informant interviews are useful in establishing success and failures of an information system and communication system(Darling, 1994). Assessment task 2: Manage project HR, information and communication Project tasks, skills and human resources The group will need the following human resources with specific skills to perform the required tasks. Table 1 shows a summary of human resource skills and tasks. Human resource persons Tasks Skills Project manager Planning, organizing, directing and controlling group activities(Heagney, 2016) Social person, problem solver, risk taker, leader Organizing secretary Record keeping, note taking, programs A good communicator, good organizer, good planner Tour leader Lead the team, negotiate for the group, provide direction Leadership, social and knowledgeable person Welfare person Provision of accessory facilities Social and accommodative person Organization structure Project communication and timeline The table 2 shows a summary of project resource persons and timelines Person Project time line Project tasks Project manager During project time Provide leadership and accountant and responsible role Organizing secretary Several times in project During group meetings and execution of functions Tour leader During group activities Providing guidelines and information. Giving directions Welfare person Several times in projects Provide welfare services other accessories The HRM tools and techniques during the project will be useful in reporting, allocating tasks to respective persons. The HRM components will be useful in reviewing and assessing performance in addition to providing responsibility and authority to the employees in respective positions(Armstrong, 2010). HRM planning information and communication process Management and distribution of information requirements is critical for the group during its discussions. The information required include: time for movement in different stages, informations to be gathered, and role of each members during the excursion. The various stakeholders need to be incorporated during the communication process. The stakeholders will show and distribute information among them(Hurwitz, M., Hurwitz, S, 2013). The input will be obtained from the stakeholder groups through forum groupings, formal meetings and discussions. The project communication and information system plan is shown in table 3. Table 3 communication plan Stakeholder Communication needs Period of communication Means of communication Project manager Report status of the payments Periodically Formal informal meetings Tour leader Explaining touring process Frequently Impromptu and formal meetings Organizing secretary Explanation the procedures Occasionally Formal meetings Welfare person Explain welfare needs Frequently Impromptu meetings Group members Debates and discussions Frequently Formal discussions Human resources, informations and communication processes The project group roles will include: conceptualizing of idea, planning of idea, execution of project, monitoring and evaluation of project and closure informations. The project roles will be measured based on the following key indicators: original idea generated, budget plan created, implementation of project, quality standards maintained, and project closed successfully. The information gathered will be arranged, coded and stored in a project information system, with an enabled back up in place. The information will be able to be retrieved and disseminated to different stakeholders(Ye, Chen, Sanjeev Jha, and Kevin C. Desouza., 2015). Data auditor analysts will be chosen to help in editing, modifying and controlling data. The process will ensure that no new or data is lost during the process. The communication network adopted for the project will be a top down communication network from the top management to the lower management(Bryde, D., Broquetas, M., Volm, J. M., 2013). The communication and information system issues include: conflict among stakeholders, distortions of communication. The management will ensure a communication plan be followed and maintained. The development and training of employees will be done using a on door training system. The employees will be measured based on the targets set to them to achieve and appraisal done to ensure results are maintained. Implementation of the project A human resource plan will be implemented to ensure that individual performance and project effectiveness is achieved. The performance of individuals will be done using appraisal process by assessing each of the individual using a rating scale (employee performance appraisal rating). A committee will be formulated to ensure that they listen to employees grievances and provide counseling, conflict resolution and advisory roles in projects(Nazari, 2016). The inter project and intra project resource conflict will be solved by using conflict management plan with aid of conflict management tools and techniques. Assessment 3-access information and communication outcome The information technology becomes a useful component that ensuresproject management needs and tasks are taken in consideration. The information system allows individuals to get access to information and communication needs. Formulating the information system enables stakeholders needs to be met and reduce conflict where necessary. The lessons learnt are that a information system require a proper systematic planning process with stakeholders be consulted to ensure communication and information system is implemented(Heagney, 2016). The group is disbanded after a closure meeting has been done during the closure meeting discussions of the challenges, achievements and lesson learnt will be done. All the members will be consulted to make closure approval. The various human resources addressed included: human resource planning, job appraisals, and job performance criterias have done using informations and communication techniques. The study recommends that projects have a fully integrated human resource management information system(Bourne, 2015). References Armstrong, M. (2010). Human resource management. London, England: Mc Graw Hill. Bourne, L. (2015). Making projects work:effective stakeholder and communication management. New Delhi: CRC press. Bryde, D., Broquetas, M., Volm, J. M. (2013). The project benefits of building information modelling. International Journal of project management, 31(7), 971-980. Darling, H. (1994). Performance based assessements and education equal. Harvard education review, 64, 5-21. Gido, J Clements, J. (2014). Successfulproject management . Chicago: Nelson Education. Heagney, J. (2016). The Top Management Team: Key to Strategic Success in marketing. California Management Review, 80(1), 67-134. Hurwitz, M., Hurwitz, S. (2013). Personal, Team, and Organizational Development. In Leadership is Half the Story: A Fresh Look at Followership, Leadership, and Collaboration . University of Toronto Press, 10(4), 23-78. Nazari, A. (2016). Developing a social media communication plan. Strategic integration of social media into project management practice, 194-217. Team, B., Schori, A., MacLean, M., Shipe, J., Wickenkamp, A., Wehr, A. (2014). Intergrated marketing communication plan. Bahmuda : Cengage publishers. Ye, Chen, Sanjeev Jha, and Kevin C. Desouza. (2015). Communicating the business value of innovation. International Journal of Innovation Science , 1-12.

Current Situation Information Technology †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Current Situation The Information Technology World? Answer: Introduction Big Data generally refers to the gathering of huge amount of data sets and complex information. In this current situation the information technology world there we can see an issue where these technologies are exceeding the existing storage, communicational and computational capacities of conventional systems [1]. There are various techniques to connect to people or organization by the use of internet or any other conventional way. The technique and information that helps in connecting, is incrementing in a huge rate and volume. But this rapid increase is also creating a concern about the privacy and security issues of the data. Based on the networking system and hierarchical models the database system has also advanced its area of use to the relational and objective database system [15]. By the implementation of web sources these database can also be accessed via data or web management services. Since there is a great concern about the security and privacy of these network systems, it is important to know the aspects of theses security concerns. In this report we are going to review and research about the privacy and security issues in domain of Big Data and IoT (Internet of Things). Overview on BigDataand IoT SecurityandPrivacyProblems Big Data is the set of complex and large data that the traditional data processing software applications lack capability to handle. Big Data is mainly used to increase the storage capability and increase the processing power [2]. It is more complex and includes challenges like storage, analysis, data capturing, transfer files, sharing, visualization, querying, updating information and privacy. Knowledge management in Big Data has three main functionalities Volume, Variety and Velocity. Recently two more Vs has been included Values and Variability. There are several kind of tools in Big Data analysis like NoSQ, MapReduce that includes Hadoop, S3 storage, Servers and Processing. But as the benefits rises there is a constant introduction of new and vulnerable [3]. Three has been a rise in the security concern in each of these different domains. There are privacy and security issues of Big Data by the following aspects: Transaction logs protecting and information Filtration of end-point inputs and validation Calculation of Security distributed framework and similar processes Protection and securing of data in real time Protection the accessibility control methodology, communication and encryption Data provenance Access control granular Security protection for non-rational data stores Similarly, IoT refers to the communication paradigm that is recently envisioned as one of the most vital part of everyday life. It is the network of networks which gives value added service and in which a lot of massive objects, sensor devices and digital devices are connected through the ICT (Information Communications Technology) infrastructure. The IoT gathers data and information at anytime and at anyplace, related to anyone and anything, initially implementing at the path of network and services [4]. There are privacy and security issues of Internet of things by the following aspects: Consumers those uses free online services like social networking, emails, websites etc. are aware of the fact that consequently they become the part of the online service and hence become the data source for the organizational business. This helps in analyzing of data sources and improves the satisfaction of the customers. Here is where the conflict comes when these data are sold to third party for further analysis without the concern of the security and online service privacy of the customers [14]. The number of users data that are gathered has to be significantly larger from the past collection gathered. Some of these technologies can gather such sensitive information of customers by analyzing the daily activities that may range from the health conditions to financial records. SecurityInformation andSecurity Problems There are several security issues regarding Big Data and IoT [5]: Non-relational data store: Let us take an example of NoSQL databases that is independent from anyone else as a rule need security (which is rather given, kind of, through middleware). Endpoints: Security arrangements that draw logs from endpoints should approve the credibility of those endpoints, or the investigation wouldn't do much good. Real-time compliance or security tools: These create a colossal measure of data; the key is figuring out how to disregard the false positives, so human ability can be centered on the genuine ruptures [16]. Distributed framework: Most enormous information executions really convey gigantic handling employments crosswise over numerous frameworks for quicker investigation. Hadoop is a notable example of open source tech associated with this, and initially had no security of any kind. Dispersed preparing may mean less information handled by any one framework, yet it implies significantly more frameworks where security issues can manifest. Storage: In the architecture of Big Data, there is a general storage where the data and information are stored on more than one tier. It depends on the need of cost vs. performance [13]. Let us take an example like the high prioritized data has to be stored in the flash media. Hence, the lockdown storage refers to the creation of a tier-conscious strategy. Access controls: There is requirement of critical; importance that may provide a system in which authenticates or encrypts verifies the user and hence determine the priority customer. Data mining solution: Most enormous information usage really circulates gigantic handling occupations crosswise over numerous frameworks for speedier investigation. Hadoop is an outstanding occurrence of open source tech engaged with this, and initially had no security of any kind. Disseminated handling may mean less information prepared by any one framework, yet it implies significantly more frameworks where security issues can edit up.These are the core of numerous enormous information conditions; they discover the examples that propose business systems. For that very reason, it's especially imperative to guarantee they're secured against not quite recently outer dangers, but rather insiders who manhandle organize benefits to get touchy data including yet another layer of enormous information security issues. Granular auditing: This determines the attacks occurred that have been missed and hence make situations that may improve the situation in future. It is a large amount of data itself that can be enabled and protected by vital security issues in Big Data identification. Data provenance concerns primarily about Metadata (data about the data): This is tremendously vital that helps to know from where the data emerges from [12]. The users who are accessible to the data and what the data are used for. These data are generally analyzed within minimum amount of time and exceptional pace in which the breaches get activated. Favored clients occupied with this sort of action must be altogether checked and nearly observed to guarantee they don't turn into their own enormous information security issues. Analysis of tackling Security Problems There is requirement of approximation in this real world since the analyzing and data collection tools have security aspect that has been functionally stored in the technology. The deployment of Security and Information Event Management (SIEM) solution is vital to aggregated logs in security system and the automatic identification of potential breaches. Hadoop is another simple way to identify the big data security and privacy issues [6]. Thus, Hadoop has become one of the most popularly used technologies to address breaches. There has been a range of security leading solutions that has been provided to evolve the technologies which are ideally commercial grade that to help the lock down process. These systems are generally added together by the open source contributors, for example Apache Accumulo. Therefore, by the introduction of Hadoop in Big Data security system, the remaining techniques that can be used are the authentication check and encryption [7]. The tacking of data security and privacy challenge in IoT has some unique techniques: At first there is requirement of understanding the uniqueness of the challenges over the security system in IoT and hence making the development of the next technology accordingly. Finding out the risks related to Big Data, greater the amount of sensitive data, creates greater risk of information system and theft of identity manipulation of devices, IP theft and manipulation of networks or servers and many more. IoT enabling security of data like protection of integrity, confidentiality and authentication data [8]. Privacy issues exploration depends on the extent the customer need the privacy and the techniques by which these issues can be maintained by still making the data useful for the customers. The role of shared trust and metadata assumptions over the end to end security across platforms. Recent Security problem related to the chosen topic IoT is a system comprising of physical gadgets, which are additionally embedded with sensors, hardware, and programming, in this way enabling these gadgets to trade information [9]. This at last permits better joining between genuine physical substances and PC worked frameworks. IoT is the following huge thing affecting our lives in significant ways and number of elements. Innovations like Column-arranged databases, SQL in Hadoop, Hive, Wibidata, PLATFORA, SkyTree, Storage Technologies, Schema-less databases, or NoSQL databases, Streaming Big Data investigation, Big Information Lambda Architecture, Map-lessen, PIG, and so on., helps in managing the huge measure of information created by IoT and different sources. Real difficulties that can bring ground breaking prizes when they are fathomed: Tremendous information volumes[10] Trouble in information accumulation Contradictory measures New security dangers No unwavering quality in the information Central moves in plans of action Gigantic measure of information to break down A quickly advancing protection scene The above focuses are a portion of the difficulties that IoT huge information faces. The rate in information development in extending each second, stockpiling in a major test, handling and keeping up is significantly more repetitive [11]. The apparatuses that are created to deal with the two innovations are step by step changing as per the requirement. Conclusion Associations must guarantee that every enormous datum bases are resistant to security dangers and vulnerabilities. Amid information accumulation, all the fundamental security insurances, for example, ongoing administration ought to be satisfied. There is a requirement to work together on advancing the standards and practice to identify the threats and security issues regarding Big Data and Internet of things. Since IoT has the requirement of being developed from level for safety, thus has to be tested. There are a couple of territories of concern and security and protection and information gathering productivity are likely the most troublesome issues we are confronting. Remembering the enormous size of huge information, associations ought to recollect the way that overseeing such information could be troublesome and requires remarkable endeavors. Be that as it may, making every one of these strides would help keep up purchaser security. There is a need of developers to work along wit h the manufacturers to ensure the security at highest priority. So protecting the customers and organization has to be the primary concern not the second thought. This report is a survey about the IoT and Big information security system, the effects of IoT on enormous information, the huge information advances and the challenges. Since there is a noteworthy effect of IoT on enormous information we have to rapidly collected, total structure to deal with the day by day evolving conditions. Security bargain and wasteful aspects in information gathering instruments result in lost status, cash, time and exertion. Yet, there is trust in light of the fact that both the IoT and the enormous information are at a developing stage and there will be redesign Reference [1]M. Conti, A. Dehghantanha, K. Franke and S. Watson, "Internet of Things security and forensics: Challenges and opportunities", Future Generation Computer Systems, 2017. [2]G. Newe, "Delivering the Internet of Things", Network Security, vol. 2015, no. 3, pp. 18-20, 2015. [3]K. Sood, S. Yu and Y. Xiang, "Software-Defined Wireless Networking Opportunities and Challenges for Internet-of-Things: A Review", IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 453-463, 2016. [4]J. Ziegeldorf, O. Morchon and K. Wehrle, "Privacy in the Internet of Things: threats andchallenges", Security and Communication Networks, vol. 7, no. 12, pp. 2728-2742, 2013. [5]M. Hussain, "Internet of Things: challenges and research opportunities", CSI Transactions on ICT, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 87-95, 2016. [6]"Lack of security in Internet of Things devices", Network Security, vol. 2014, no. 8, p. 2, 2014. [7]J. Lin, W. Yu, N. Zhang, X. Yang, H. Zhang and W. Zhao, "A Survey on Internet of Things: Architecture, Enabling Technologies, Security and Privacy, and Applications", IEEE Internet of Things Journal, pp. 1-1, 2017. [8]M. Eltayeb, "Internet of Things", International Journal of Hyperconnectivity and the Internet of Things, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1-18, 2017. [9]C. Tankard, "Big data security", Network Security, vol. 2012, no. 7, pp. 5-8, 2012. [10]G. Lafuente, "The big data security challenge", Network Security, vol. 2015, no. 1, pp. 12-14, 2015. [11]T. Win, H. Tianfield and Q. Mair, "Big Data Based Security Analytics for Protecting Virtualized Infrastructures in Cloud Computing", IEEE Transactions on Big Data, pp. 1-1, 2017. [12]C. Constantine, "Big data: an information security context", Network Security, vol. 2014, no. 1, pp. 18-19, 2014. [13]C. Everett, "Big data the future of cyber-security or its latest threat?", Computer Fraud Security, vol. 2015, no. 9, pp. 14-17, 2015. [14]R. Kemp, "Legal aspects of managing Big Data", Computer Law Security Review, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 482-491, 2014. [15]H. Hassan, L. Yang and M. Qiu, "Special issue on Big Data Security and Intelligent Data in Clouds (BDS-IDC)", Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience, vol. 29, no. 14, p. e4215, 2017. [16]"Using big data to reduce security risks", Computer Fraud Security, vol. 2012, no. 8, p. 3, 2012.

Oil Spill Essay Example

Oil Spill Essay Effects to the water quality Oils consist of a complex mixture of hydrogen and carbon which is used for fuel, lubrication, plastics manufacturing, and many other purposes. These petroleum products get into water mainly by means of accidental spills from ships, tanker trucks, pipelines, and leaky underground storage tanks Petroleum products affect surface water, impairing water quality with hydrocarbons, salts, nutrients, a host of organic compounds, and various heavy metals. Immediately after a spill, Oil slicks on the surface water producing a thick mousse.A large portion of the oil also forms emulsions or dissolves in the water. Some heavy portions will settle into to the bottom. Oxygen can be relatively easily obtained in the slick oil spill, but the nutrients are sometimes limited. In the warm waters of the equatorial and tropical oceans, it has been observed that this evaporation will remove as much as 40% of the spill during the first 24 hr. Oil will also be oxidised by dissolved oxygen at the rate of 1 mg of oil per 3 mg of oxygen consumption. Microbial degradation will account for 2g of oil per square meter per day.Around 1% of the spilled oil will be dissolved or dispersed in water. In addition, photo-oxidation by solar radiation will also degrade a part of the oil. We will write a custom essay sample on Oil Spill specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Oil Spill specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Oil Spill specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Thus, it can be expected that around 45-50% of any oil spill will be removed during the first 24 hr in the warm zone of the ocean. The heavier fractions of the spill will form drifting patches being split up by the prevailing winds and currents. These patches will ultimately end up as floating tar particles Oil is an intimidating mixture of thousands of compounds, and every oil is different.All petroleum-based fuels, including the gasoline we pump into our cars, begin with crude oil that is pulled from the ground and processed at a refinery, where it is heated and separated into the different products we use. As crude oil is heated, lighter compounds evaporate and are collected and sold as gasoline, jet fuel, kerosene, diesel fuel, and lubricating oil (motor oil). Different types of oil have different environmental effects. According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), scientists broadly categorize oil types into light and heavy. When lighter oils, such as gas and diesel, spill out onto the water, they evaporate rather quickly and only remain in the environment for a short time. They are, however, highly toxic and highly flammable. Coming in contact with the oil or breathing the fumes can kill animals and plants. The oil can also ignite and explode. Heavier oils, such as those used to power ships, are not as toxic as light oils, but they can remain in the environment for years. They can harden after coming ashore, at which point they are less toxic to plants and animals. Heavy oil spills harm plants and animals by smothering them.Chemical Constituents Commonly Found in oil spills Benzene| Colorless, sweet smelling liquid and vapor. Evaporates very quickly and dissolves slightly in water. | Toluene aka Methylbenzene| Toluene is a clear, colorless liquid and vapor that smells like gasoline. Toluene occurs naturally in crude oil. | Ethyl benzene| Ethyl benzene is a colorless liquid. It is highly flammable and smells like gasoline. It is naturally found in coal tar and petroleum. | Generic alkanes(including octane,hexane, nonane)| Alkanes are colorless liquids or vapors that smell like gasoline.They are present in crude oil and petroleum products. They are highly flammable and evaporate easily| Xylene| Xylene is a colorless, sweet-smelling liquidand vapor. It is highly flammable and evaporates easily. It occurs naturally in petroleum and coal tar. | Amoco Cadiz and Exxon Valdez The Amoco Cadiz and Exxon Valdez oil spills caused much of the present interestboth from the public and the scientific community. Attention has been focused on the possible effects of oil spills on coastlines and benthic, neritic, and pelagic organisms. The problem of floating oil will increase with tanker traffic.But it is not the only source of problems. Rig blow-outs can create massive oil spills , and these rigs are usually near a coastal region. The presence of tar and oil slicks are the most conspicuous effects. Tar may seriously soil beaches, and the clean-up may bring, as a secondary effect, beach erosion. Both oil and gas drilling and petroleum pollution affect water quality, accumulate in sediments, change the distribution of marine organisms, and cause illness to marine organisms and human beingsthat is, similar effects as from inland waste disposal. Effects to the waterWhen oil gets in the water, hydrocarbons will linger on the surface and after time, some of them may be broken down or evaporate, but they all wont go away (Rice, 1984). Looking in the sediment on the bottom of the water or looking closely at water you can still see its traces. Once it is in the water it is difficult to remove. Some studies claim that it has little impact on the environment. However, during the 1989 Exxon Valdez Oil Spill, numerous studies made it apparent that hydrocarbons can cause great damage to the ecosystem. In fact, there are lasting effects that we are just starting to see.In Valdez, Alaska at the oil terminal, they have to pump out ballast water from boats and oil tankers which has to be treated to remove contaminants. However, they use a treatment process which takes out 99% of hydrocarbons, but due to the large amount of ballast water being used (10-15 million gallons a day), a large amount of hydrocarbons are still being pumped into the ocean (Rice, 1984). This problem can be seen locally. The hydrocarbons found in oil released into our local harbor have the potential to cause the same harmful effects on the environment.US Environmental Protection Agency EPA deployed field teams to collect a small number of samples of oily debris, tar balls, mousse oil and other petroleum waste products that have washed up on the shore or were present on the surface of the water along the Coasts. Preliminary results have only shown chemical constituents that are usually found in petroleum products and therefore typical health precautions should be taken. Samples were collected at multiple locations to determine the chemical makeup of the oil washing up on shorelines.Oil has been washing up in various physical forms and samples were taken accordingly of tarballs, weathered oil, oil mousse, and grease. The oil from the Exxon Valdez has killed and injured many of the marine life in that area. Attempts to clean up an oil spill can indirectly harm some of the resources we are trying to protect. For example, using hot water or chemicals to remove oil can harm plants and animals, and simply sending a team of cleanup workers into an oiled area can trample sensitive organisms and mix oil more deeply into a beach.The experts who respond to oil spills must consider all of these potential problems when evaluating the trade-offs of how far to go in removing spilled oil. Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Cleanup Methods on the Water Boom It comes in many sizes, shapes, and types and is used primarily to deflect and/or collect oil. Burning Fresh oil contains gases which are very volatile. By igniting these gases whole oil slicks can be reduced to tarry residue. Dispersants It disperses. They are chemicals that break-up oil into smaller and smaller concentrations.Potentially into individual molecules. Skimming a mechanical system for removing oil from the surface. This process was created based on the reality that oil is lighter than water. It should be kept in mind that it is not the duty of the people living around this area that should be cleaning. But it is the oil companies’ responsibility to prevent spills and to clean them up when they happen. Organisms affected by the contaminated water Oil spills are considered forms of pollution that gives highly adverse effects on the environment.These oil spills greatly affect animals and marine plants. You can also be exposed to crude oil if you live where there is an oil spill or leak nearby. You may be exposed to crude oil from an oil spill through tarballs at a beach or shoreline. Winds and waves can tear patches of spilled oil into smaller pieces called tarballs. Tarballs are small pieces of oil that are remnants of oil spills and can stick to rocks, sand, or marine animals. Oil contaminants may stick to the fur of pets, which can transfer the contamination to people.Exposure at work can occur through contact with the skin, ingestion, or breathing crude oil liquid, drops, or fumes. Studies have shown that the environmental damage of oil spills are far greater than originally thought. The hydrocarbon in petroleum-based oil is able to negatively impact marine life at concentrations as low as one part per billion. The heavier components of crude oil such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons cause the most damage. Although being less toxic then lighter components such as benzene and toluene, unlike these components they are not volatile and do not evaporate easily.The oil mixes deeply into pebbles or sandy beaches, and remains there for months or years. The chemicals include carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, lead, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, sulfur dioxide , and volatile organic compounds. Breathing in both ethylbenzene and benzene can cause cancer and reproductive effects, while breathing in n-hexane can damage the nervous system and usher in numbness in the extremities, muscular weakness, blurred vision, headaches, and fatigue.Exposure to crude oil may irritate the eyes, skin, and respiratory system. It may cause dizziness, rapid heart rate, headaches, confusion, and anemia. Prolonged skin contact with crude oil may cause skin reddening, edema, and burning of the skin. If you think your health has been affected by exposure to crude oil, contact your health care professional. The oil also affects the plants under the sea, it forms a thick layer on the water surface, and this layer blocks out light and prevents gaseous exchange.When this happens, not only will the plants not be able to photosynthesise, animals underneath the affected area will find that the supply of oxygen slowly diminishes, and is unable to be continuously replenished by the environment. When plants cannot photosynthesise, they eventually die, leading to a vicious effect on the food chain, ultimately affecting all animals. Animals such as Seabirds, Sea Otters, Killer Whales, and other marine life are also affected by this because oil spills causes blindness, hypothermia, inducing low body temperatures.Oil may also enter the lungs or livers of animals, in turn poisoning the animals. Animals Oil spills affect small organisms living in the sea, such as plankton, and larval fish, as well as bottom-dwelling organisms like oysters, seaweed, mussels. When these organisms die due to the oil, this affects the food chain. Fish that prey on these animals will have difficulty finding food, and may die. This will in turn affect their predators and so on. Prevention Avoid contact with the oil. Keep children and animals away from the spill.If possible, put a fence around the area and post a warning sign. Use a source of water upstream from the spill. Even if you have to walk a long way, it is worth it to prevent health problems. Where oil has spilled, rainwater may be the only safe water to drink. Avoid eating animals that live in water such as crabs, shrimp, and snails near the spill and areas downstream. They soak up toxins like sponges. Avoid bathing in affected water. If somebody falls in the water, they should wash right away with strong soap and clean water.Notify neighbors, government officials, the press, and NGOs that are concerned about health and the environment. Teach people about the dangers of oil at schools and community gatherings. In conclusion, the dangers oil spills pose to the environment are numerous and highly dangerous, hence, greater effort should be taken to ensure such oil spills are minimized in the future.Resources: http://geology. uprm. edu http://www. whoi. edu http://seagrant. uaf. edu http://drs. nio. org http://en. hesperian. org http://www3. imperial. ac. uk http://www. epa. gov http://www. bt. cdc. gov http://toxtown. nlm. nih. gov

College Essay Questions - Definition Or Compare With the Following Essay Question Sample<|endoftext|>

College Essay Questions - Definition Or Compare With the Following Essay Question SampleWhen doing an essay for high school, the last thing you need is to be asked to answer a definition or describe the following essay question sample. You don't need to learn a vocabulary that may be beyond your ability. In fact, you may be confused about what words mean and how they are related to each other. So, here are some definitions of common college writing terms that will help you out in choosing your words.By definition, the term entry is a noun that means being admitted to enter into a country or territory for a specific purpose such as traveling. To identify the college type, a student has to answer a question as to which type of institution he/she wants to go to, be it a four-year college or a university. On the next page, we will answer the entry question sample by showing how to write the entry portion of the college essay. One can answer the question with their essay choice by making a brief explanation of what they are looking for in a college or university.Another common college writing term is essay. It is defined as the body of the written material as it is prepared for presentation to a superior authority. There are two types of essays: thesis and personal. A thesis paper is a written argument put forth on a topic for consideration of the majority by the majority. A personal essay is an essay that relates to one's own personality or experience.Now, we will discuss the definition of definition and explain the structure of the college essay. We define it as the division of material into parts or sections. The contents of the section or parts determine the order of the sections.For example, if you are writing about getting into the University of Arizona, you have to answer the question of what college is the best. First, you must tell the reader that you want to get into the university. Then, you have to indicate how many credits it will take to get in. Finall y, you have to provide a definition of what university you are wanting to get into.Now, we will discuss the definitions of admission essay, essay introduction, and essay conclusion. Each definition contains the information for the essay but, it usually goes on to the end of the essay. Thus, the introduction may either start the essay or, it can be the last paragraph. Usually, the definition begins with some type of introduction that discusses why the writer is writing the essay.The essay question answer sample usually asks whether or not the writer can give some examples that demonstrate how a particular topic is used in real life. Typically, when the student is asked to provide examples, he/she can do so with a series of sentences and paragraphs, the first of which is an introduction. Also, he/she can use the definition of the same topic in an essay introduction. An example of this can be given in response to the definition of college by providing some stories and experiences that can demonstrate the actual use of the topic. In addition, the first paragraph may include some self-praise or glorification of the writer.Lastly, it is necessary to answer the definition or compare with the question. After writing the entry section, you have to evaluate the essay for the level of difficulty and use. If the essay was very difficult, you may have to consider the question again in order to be sure that it will be acceptable for college. If it is not, then you may need to learn another writing style and think of a new way to express yourself. Still, if the question was easy, you may need to try a different college essay topic.